






Antonio Francesco Gramsci (1891–1937) was verified through Encyclopaedia Britannica, the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, and Columbia University Press source metadata. Britannica confirms his birth and death dates, role as an Italian intellectual and Communist leader, Fascist imprisonment from 1926, and prison writings later published as the Prison Notebooks. Stanford confirms his November 8, 1926 arrest, imprisonment until 1937, and composition of the Prison Notebooks from 1929 onward. Columbia University Press identifies the Prison Notebooks as his seminal writings from imprisonment after the 1926 Fascist arrest and before his death in 1937. His worth is conceptual survival: the state damaged the body, but the notebooks gave future readers a vocabulary for cultural hegemony, civil society, intellectual work, and power operating through consent.






